{"id":766,"date":"2026-03-27T08:10:57","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T08:10:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/?p=766"},"modified":"2026-04-23T19:49:42","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T19:49:42","slug":"goc-iran-sinirindaki-ilcenin-kaderi-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/2026\/03\/27\/goc-iran-sinirindaki-ilcenin-kaderi-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6\u00e7, \u0130ran S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki \u0130l\u00e7enin Kaderi Mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda konumlanan Van\u2019\u0131n \u00d6zalp il\u00e7esi, son 15 y\u0131lda h\u0131zlanan n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131 ile sadece bir demografik de\u011fi\u015fimi de\u011fil; ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme hik\u00e2yesi ya\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r hatt\u0131nda yer almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ticaret hareketlili\u011finden pay alamayan \u00d6zalp, \u00fcretim merkezi olmak yerine gen\u00e7lerin terk etti\u011fi bir il\u00e7eye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu (T\u00dc\u0130K) taraf\u0131ndan 2025 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lan Adrese Dayal\u0131 N\u00fcfus Kay\u0131t Sistemi verilerine g\u00f6re \u00d6zalp\u2019in n\u00fcfusu y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde istikrarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde geriliyor. \u0130l\u00e7ede \u00f6zellikle 18\u201335 ya\u015f aras\u0131 n\u00fcfustaki azalma dikkat \u00e7ekiyor; yani g\u00f6\u00e7, do\u011fal n\u00fcfus azalmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki kesimin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u015fekilleniyor. Bu durum hem yerel ekonominin daralmas\u0131na hem de kalan n\u00fcfusun ya\u015f ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oysa \u00d6zalp\u2019in ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ba\u015fka bir tabloyu i\u015faret ediyor. \u0130l\u00e7e, bir d\u00f6nem g\u00f6\u00e7 alan, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerinden ekonomik canl\u0131l\u0131k \u00fcreten bir yerle\u015fim yeri olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7iyor. \u0130l\u00e7eyi ayakta tutan unsurlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r ticareti, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcretim ve k\u0131rsal ekonomi geliyordu. Bug\u00fcn ise tersine bir hareket ya\u015fan\u0131yor: Gen\u00e7ler Van merkezine, bat\u0131 illerine ya da yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6neliyor; geride daha \u00e7ok ya\u015fl\u0131 n\u00fcfus ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ekonomik faaliyet kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7 Veren \u00d6zalp<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zalp, Cumhuriyet\u2019ten bu yana genel olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 alan de\u011fil g\u00f6\u00e7 veren bir il\u00e7e oluyor. Bu durumun en b\u00fcy\u00fck istisnas\u0131n\u0131 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda Trabzon \u00c7aykara\u2019dan Van \u00d6zalp\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 eden 160 aile (yakla\u015f\u0131k 800 ki\u015fi) olu\u015fturuyor. Bu istisna d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00e7evre merkezlerden yeni bir hayat kurmak amac\u0131yla ve Siirt Tillo\u2019dan ticaret yapmak maksad\u0131yla buraya gelen az say\u0131da ailenin oldu\u011fu da biliniyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise \u00d6zalp, Van\u2019\u0131n 13 il\u00e7esi aras\u0131nda en fazla n\u00fcfusa sahip 5. il\u00e7esi. B\u00f6yle olmakla beraber\u00a0Kalk\u0131nma Ajanslar\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u0130l\u00e7elerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Geli\u015fmi\u015flik S\u0131ralamas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re \u00d6zalp, sosyo-ekonomik geli\u015fmi\u015flik seviyesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Van\u2019\u0131n 13 il\u00e7esi aras\u0131nda 10. s\u0131rada bulunurken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 973 il\u00e7esi aras\u0131nda 949. s\u0131rada yer\u00a0<\/a>al\u0131yor. Yine bu do\u011frultuda\u00a0T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in son resmi verilerine g\u00f6re, \u00d6zalp\u2019\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 binde -49,6 olarak kayda ge\u00e7iyor. B\u00f6ylece \u00d6zalp,\u00a0Van\u2019\u0131n en fazla n\u00fcfus kaybeden\u00a0<\/a>il\u00e7elerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcksek do\u011furganl\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00d6zalp n\u00fcfusu her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l azalmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u00d6zalpl\u0131 aileler b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131z ve yo\u011funlukla \u00d6zalp\u2019\u0131 terk ederek \u00f6zellikle \u0130stanbul, Van, Tekirda\u011f, Antalya ve Bodrum gibi merkezlere g\u00f6\u00e7 ediyor. \u0130l\u00e7ede do\u011fal n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 kayb\u0131n\u0131 telafi edemiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara Konu Oluyor<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zalp\u2019teki n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131 yaln\u0131zca resmi istatistiklere de\u011fil, akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ve \u00f6\u011frenci projelerine de konu olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130l\u00e7edeki g\u00f6\u00e7 e\u011filimi, \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7ler ve kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda daha da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biri, lise \u00f6\u011frenimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda T\u00dcB\u0130TAK i\u00e7in bir proje haz\u0131rlayan Badem Abravc\u0131\u2019ya ait. Abravc\u0131, \u00d6zalp\u2019ta ya\u015fayan 100 kad\u0131nla anket y\u00f6ntemiyle g\u00f6\u00e7 olgusunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek konuyu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n perspektifinden ele ald\u0131. Ankete kat\u0131lan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 87\u2019si \u00d6zalp\u2019i \u201cgeli\u015fmi\u015f bir yer\u201d olarak g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini ifade ederken, y\u00fczde 84\u2019\u00fc f\u0131rsat bulmas\u0131 halinde ba\u015fka bir kente g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek istedi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veriler, g\u00f6\u00e7 karar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca ekonomik de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel boyutlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. Abravc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmesine g\u00f6re, \u201c\u00d6zalp\u2019te g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc tetikleyen ba\u015fl\u0131ca unsurlar aras\u0131nda ekonomik imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131klar, sosyal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi, sert iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve arsa\u2013kan davas\u0131 gibi toplumsal sorunlar yer al\u0131yor. Bu fakt\u00f6rler \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131nlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131ran ve gelecek perspektifini daraltan unsurlar olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n i\u015faret etti\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir nokta ise \u015fu: G\u00f6\u00e7, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir kader olarak de\u011fil; ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 bir sonu\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, i\u015f olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, sosyal alanlar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ve ekonomik destek mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi halinde g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn yava\u015flat\u0131labilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Hatta baz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeciler, uygun \u015fartlar olu\u015ftu\u011fu takdirde il\u00e7eden ayr\u0131lanlar\u0131n geri d\u00f6nebilece\u011fini de ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130l\u00e7ede kalmak ya da gitmek aras\u0131ndaki tercih, \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in ekonomik g\u00fcvence, sosyal ya\u015fam ve gelecek umudu ekseninde \u015fekilleniyor. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ile g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn nedenleri sahada g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale getiriyor. Peki bu nedenlere kar\u015f\u0131 somut bir yerel politika \u00fcretilebiliyor mu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son 15 Y\u0131lda N\u00fcfusun \u00dc\u00e7te Biri Azald\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zalp n\u00fcfusu, y\u00fcksek do\u011furganl\u0131k oran\u0131na ra\u011fmen her y\u0131l azalmaya devam ediyor. T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in Adrese Dayal\u0131 N\u00fcfus Kay\u0131t Sistemi (ADNKS) verilerine g\u00f6re, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda 75.324 olan \u00d6zalp n\u00fcfusu, 2026 verilerinde 51.357 olarak kayda ge\u00e7iyor. Bu da son 15 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te bir oran\u0131nda azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fu Anadolu Kalk\u0131nma Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u00d6zalp \u0130l\u00e7e Analizi\u201d raporuna g\u00f6re, il\u00e7ede net g\u00f6\u00e7 h\u0131z\u0131 uzun s\u00fcredir negatif seyrediyor. 2010\u20132015 d\u00f6nemini kapsayan veriler, TRB2 b\u00f6lgesi olan \u00d6zalp\u2019in ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ten daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fini ve \u00f6zellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfusun ba\u015fka merkezlere y\u00f6neldi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. Raporda g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn temel nedenleri aras\u0131nda ekonomik k\u0131s\u0131tlar ve altyap\u0131 yetersizlikleri \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. (https:\/\/www.kalkinmakutuphanesi.gov.tr\/assets\/upload\/dosyalar\/zalp.pdf<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sahadaki g\u00f6zlemler de resmi verileri destekler nitelikte. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma amac\u0131yla mevsimlik ya da kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak ba\u015fka \u015fehirlere giden \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00d6zalpl\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, baz\u0131 k\u0131rsal mahallelerde (k\u00f6ylerde) gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun belirgin bi\u00e7imde azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade ediliyor. Resmi kay\u0131tlarda ikamet adresi \u00d6zalp\u2019te g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine ra\u011fmen fiilen ba\u015fka \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, il\u00e7enin ger\u00e7ek n\u00fcfusunun a\u00e7\u0131klanan rakamlardan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olabilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddialar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u00d6zalp N\u00fcfusunun Y\u0131llara G\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 G\u00f6steren Tablo<\/em><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130l\u00e7edeki ekonomik daralma yaln\u0131zca \u00fcretim eksenli de\u011fil. S\u0131n\u0131r hatt\u0131ndaki yo\u011fun insan hareketlili\u011fi de yerel ekonomiye beklenen katk\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ranl\u0131 Turistler Nerede?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Van, son y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle \u0130ran\u2019dan gelen ziyaret\u00e7ilerle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Sekt\u00f6r temsilcilerinin ve yerel turizm verilerinin i\u015faret etti\u011fi tabloya g\u00f6re her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 bin \u0130ranl\u0131 turist kara yoluyla Van\u2019a giri\u015f yap\u0131yor. Bu ziyaret\u00e7ilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Kap\u0131k\u00f6y S\u0131n\u0131r Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kullan\u0131yor ve Van \u015fehir merkezine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00d6zalp g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131ndan ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bu yo\u011fun hareketlilik, \u00d6zalp ekonomisine yans\u0131m\u0131yor. \u0130l\u00e7e \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yaln\u0131zca transit bir ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131 olarak kal\u0131yor. \u0130ranl\u0131 turistlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc il\u00e7e merkezine u\u011framadan \u00e7evre yolu \u00fczerinden do\u011frudan Van merkeze y\u00f6neliyor. Konaklama, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ve e\u011flence harcamalar\u0131 Van kent merkezinde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131yor; buradan da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin farkl\u0131 turizm destinasyonlar\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Van \u015fehir ekonomisi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir gelir kalemi olu\u015fturan bu hareketlilikten \u00d6zalp ise neredeyse hi\u00e7 pay alam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamu kurumlar\u0131, bu durumu tersine \u00e7evirmek amac\u0131yla yeni kamu binalar\u0131, i\u015f yerleri ve konut projelerini \u0130ran yolu \u00fczerinde konumland\u0131rmay\u0131 hedefliyor. Ge\u00e7i\u015f g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131ndaki hareketlili\u011fi il\u00e7e ekonomisine y\u00f6nlendirmek ama\u00e7lan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ana Problem: \u0130\u015fsizlik ve \u0130mk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131k<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zalp\u2019ta g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc tetikleyen temel ba\u015fl\u0131k ise ekonomik yap\u0131. 1995 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana il\u00e7ede yerel gazetecilik yapan Nihat \u00d6zbay, n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131n\u0131n merkezine i\u015fsizli\u011fi koyuyor. \u00d6zbay\u2019a g\u00f6re sorun yaln\u0131zca ekonomik daralma de\u011fil; sosyal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kamusal yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi. Bu durum da gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusu d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya y\u00f6neltiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130l\u00e7ede ekonomi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131yor. Ancak \u00fcretim maliyetlerinin artmas\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmelerin rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131flamas\u0131 ve pazarlama kanallar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gelir \u00fcretme kapasitesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Kamusal ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 ise alternatif istihdam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zbay, tabloyu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle \u00f6zetliyor: \u201cTar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 ekonomik yap\u0131n\u0131n gelir \u00fcretme kapasitesinin d\u00fc\u015fmesi, kamusal ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi ve ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131n kentlerle rekabet edememesi n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131ran ba\u015fl\u0131ca unsurlar olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sorun do\u011furganl\u0131k de\u011fil, yerinde ya\u015famay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir k\u0131lacak ko\u015fullar\u0131n eksikli\u011fi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada g\u00f6\u00e7, bireysel bir tercih olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p yap\u0131sal bir sonu\u00e7 haline geliyor. \u0130ran yolu \u00fczerinden her y\u0131l y\u00fczbinlerce turist ge\u00e7erken, il\u00e7enin gen\u00e7leri ayn\u0131 yolu ters istikamette kullanarak ba\u015fka \u015fehirlere y\u00f6neliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bu tablo, \u00d6zalp\u2019ta g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir kader de\u011fil, ekonomik yap\u0131yla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130l\u00e7enin yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ise bu gidi\u015fat\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilebildi\u011fi bir d\u00f6neme i\u015faret ediyor. \u00d6zalp merkeze yakla\u015f\u0131k 25 kilometre uzakl\u0131ktaki D\u00f6nerdere K\u00f6y\u00fc, \u00fcretim temelli kalk\u0131nman\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 \u00fczerindeki etkisini g\u00f6steren somut \u00f6rneklerden biri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: Kooperatif\u00e7ilik Mi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bundan 60 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00d6zalp\u2019\u0131n kalk\u0131nmas\u0131na ve \u00fcretimine damga vuracak bir geli\u015fme ya\u015fan\u0131yor. 1965\u2019te daha \u00fcretken ve daha refah bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrme maksad\u0131yla \u00d6zalp\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Trabzon \u00c7aykaral\u0131 aileler, 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikamet ettikleri \u00d6zalp\u2019\u0131n D\u00f6nerdere ve Emek k\u00f6ylerinde tar\u0131msal kalk\u0131nma kooperatifleri tesis ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6nerdere\u2019nin hik\u00e2yesi planl\u0131 bir yerle\u015fim s\u00fcrecine dayan\u0131yor. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019den gelen aileler i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen toplu isk\u00e2n politikalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda Trabzon\u2019un \u00c7aykara il\u00e7esinden gelen 160 hane (yakla\u015f\u0131k 800 ki\u015fi), \u00d6zalp k\u0131rsal\u0131nda yeni bir ya\u015fam kurmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirildi. Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k deneyimi olan bu aileler, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00fcretim temelli bir yerel ekonomi in\u015fa ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zalp\u2019\u0131n ilk kooperatifleri olarak kurulan bu kooperatifler her ge\u00e7en sene etkilerini art\u0131rarak g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle D\u00f6nerdere Tar\u0131msal Kalk\u0131nma Kooperatifi, \u00d6zalp\u2019\u0131n sosyo-ekonomik tarihine ge\u00e7ecek i\u015flere imza at\u0131yor. Bu kooperatif ilk olarak k\u00f6yde bir mand\u0131ra kurmakla i\u015fe ba\u015fl\u0131yor. 1968\u2019de un de\u011firmeni i\u015fletmesi, 1972\u2019de D\u00f6nerdere k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in elektrik i\u015fletmesi a\u00e7\u0131yor. 1973 senesinde cins inek projesine giri\u015fen kooperatif, 1974\u2019te mand\u0131ra i\u015fletmesini yenileyerek b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcyor. 1977\u2019ye gelindi\u011finde elektrikli de\u011firmenini i\u015fletmeye sokuyor, 1978\u2019de ise evlere su a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6\u015fenmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu minvalde 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tar\u0131m ve K\u00f6yi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Van\u2019\u0131n en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kooperatifi se\u00e7iliyor. I\u011fd\u0131r \u00dcniversitesi Co\u011frafya B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Tuncay \u00d6zdemir\u2019in bu konu \u00fczerine 2004\u2019te yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 makaleye g\u00f6re, kooperatif bu ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 akabinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en faal kooperatifleri aras\u0131nda d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131raya kadar y\u00fckseliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00f6nerdere Kooperatifi\u2019nin Geli\u015fimi \u00dczerine Bir Haber (1 May\u0131s 1974, Van Postas\u0131)<\/em><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6nerdere Tar\u0131msal Kalk\u0131nma Kooperatifi iki temel ama\u00e7 \u00fczerine kuruluyor. Bu ama\u00e7lardan ilki, ortaklar\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi s\u00fct\u00fc de\u011ferlendirerek pazarlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, ikincisi ise ortaklar\u0131n girdi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 uygun ko\u015fullarla temin etmek oluyor. Uzun y\u0131llar bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren kooperatif, \u00d6zalp\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer k\u00f6ylerinden bariz bi\u00e7imde ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Kooperatif, ortaklar\u0131na ilk \u00f6nce trakt\u00f6rler sat\u0131n ald\u0131r\u0131yor ve yaln\u0131zca D\u00f6nerdere k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fil, D\u00f6nerdere \u00e7evresindeki bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6y\u00fcn de tarlas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fclmesine b\u00f6ylece imkan sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Ard\u0131ndan Van ve y\u00f6resinde bir ilke imza at\u0131larak bi\u00e7er d\u00f6verler sat\u0131n ald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu do\u011frultuda \u00e7evreden gelen taleplere yeti\u015fmek ad\u0131na hasat zaman\u0131 g\u00fcnlerce uykusuz kal\u0131n\u0131yor ancak elde edilen bu\u011fday \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcn kalitede oluyor. Nitekim s\u00f6z konusu bu\u011fday, Bitlis\u2019ten hatta Mu\u015f\u2019tan gelen k\u00f6yl\u00fclerce tohumluk olarak sat\u0131n al\u0131nmak isteniyor. Mand\u0131ra sayesinde ise 2000 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.5 ton s\u00fct elde edilebiliyor. Ayr\u0131ca bu s\u00fct i\u015flenerek tonlarca yo\u011furt, ka\u015far peyniri, ayran, beyaz peynir, tereya\u011f\u0131, kaymak gibi s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Olu\u015fan bu katma de\u011fer, \u00d6zalp\u2019\u0131n D\u00f6nerdere k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc tam anlam\u0131yla ihya ediyor. D\u00f6nerdere k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki n\u00fcfus verilerine dijital ortamlardan ula\u015f\u0131lamasa da k\u00f6yl\u00fclerle yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonucunda kooperatifin yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemlerde k\u00f6yden g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ok az oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Nitekim k\u00f6y n\u00fcfusu da o d\u00f6nem yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000\u2019in \u00fczerinde buluyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde D\u00f6nerdere k\u00f6y\u00fcnde her y\u0131l ortalama %12 n\u00fcfus azalmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, Kooperatifin etkili oldu\u011fu y\u0131llarda ise n\u00fcfus azalma oran\u0131n\u0131n %7,14\u2019lerde seyretti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Kooperatifin faaliyetlerinin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k %5 oran\u0131nda yava\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7evre k\u00f6ylere g\u00f6re g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn daha az ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 rakamlara yans\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kooperatifin etkisi yaln\u0131zca ekonomik g\u00f6stergelerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131yor. \u00dcretimin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi ve gelir istikrar\u0131, k\u0131rsalda ya\u015fam\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir hale getirerek g\u00f6\u00e7 e\u011filimini do\u011frudan etkiliyor. \u00c7evre k\u00f6ylerde n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131 h\u0131zlan\u0131rken D\u00f6nerdere\u2019de g\u00f6\u00e7 oranlar\u0131n\u0131n daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmas\u0131, tar\u0131msal kalk\u0131nma modellerinin demografik yap\u0131 \u00fczerindeki belirleyici rol\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koyuyor. K\u0131rsalda \u00fcretimin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde devam etmesi, yaln\u0131zca istihdam yaratmakla kalm\u0131yor; gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus i\u00e7in yerinde ya\u015fam\u0131 rasyonel bir se\u00e7enek haline getiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te taraftan 2000\u2019den sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131r\u0131lma ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Konjonkt\u00fcrel olarak ekonomik stratejilerin ulusal a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle kooperatif yeterli ilgiyi ve deste\u011fi g\u00f6rmemeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden kooperatif gitgide k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclerek \u00fcretimini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu durum da k\u00f6y n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesine neden oluyor. B\u00f6ylece son resmi verilere g\u00f6re k\u00f6y\u00fcn genel n\u00fcfusu 376 ki\u015fiye kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6nerdere Tar\u0131msal Kalk\u0131nma Kooperatifi\u2019nin halihaz\u0131rdaki ba\u015fkan\u0131 Turgay \u00d6zbek, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olan \u00fcreticilerin her zaman daha k\u00e2rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirterek bu \u00fcreticilerin kooperatif arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hem al\u0131m hem de pazarlama a\u015famas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck avantajlar elde edebildi\u011fini vurguluyor. \u00d6te yandan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fin genel olarak yeterince desteklenmedi\u011fini ifade eden \u00d6zbek \u015fu ifadeleri payla\u015f\u0131yor: \u201cKooperatifler d\u00fcnyada \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n ve \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f durumdalar. Fakat \u015fu an T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kooperatif\u00e7ilik yeterince desteklenmiyor. E\u011fer desteklenebilirse sadece \u00d6zalp\u2019ta de\u011fil T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin her taraf\u0131nda istihdam yarat\u0131labilir. Bu \u015fekilde de hem katma de\u011fer hem de hizmet \u00fcretilebilir. Yani kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fin toplumsal kalk\u0131nma anlam\u0131nda \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli bir organizasyon oldu\u011funu anlamal\u0131y\u0131z. Zaten biliyorsunuz bizim petrol\u00fcm\u00fcz yok, sanayimiz yok. Ancak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en verimli topraklar\u0131 bu co\u011frafyada. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hem b\u00f6lgemize hem de genel olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u0131\u00e7rama yapt\u0131racak sekt\u00f6r, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k\u2026 Bu da ancak bunu organize edebilecek bir kooperatifle\u015fme g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ba\u015far\u0131labilir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kooperatif \u00e7evresinde geli\u015fen sivil giri\u015fimler de dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. K\u00f6yde faaliyet g\u00f6steren D\u00f6nGel Derne\u011fi, ad\u0131n\u0131 \u201cd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131ndan al\u0131yor. Dernek, g\u00f6\u00e7 eden n\u00fcfusun yeniden k\u00f6yle ba\u011f kurmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeyi ve \u00fcretim temelli ya\u015fam\u0131n yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Kooperatifle ayn\u0131 zeminde \u015fekillenen bu giri\u015fim, k\u0131rsal kalk\u0131nman\u0131n yaln\u0131zca ekonomik de\u011fil, toplumsal bir geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f iste\u011fini de ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u00f6nerdere Tar\u0131msal Kalk\u0131nma Kooperatifi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Turgay \u00d6ZBEK<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kooperatif bug\u00fcn tamamen ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil; ancak ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki \u00fcretim kapasitesine k\u0131yasla daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Yerel kaynaklara g\u00f6re bu gerilemenin ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri aras\u0131nda gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131ktan uzakla\u015fmas\u0131, e\u011fitim ve i\u015f imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere y\u00f6nelmesi ve zamanla olu\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7 zinciri yer al\u0131yor. \u0130l\u00e7eden ayr\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u015fehirlerde kurdu\u011fu yeni ya\u015fam, \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7 ku\u015faklar i\u00e7in daha cazip bir se\u00e7enek haline gelirken k\u0131rsal \u00fcretime kat\u0131l\u0131m da giderek azal\u0131yor. Bu durum, kooperatif gibi yerel \u00fcretim modellerinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini de do\u011frudan etkiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zalpl\u0131 gazeteci \u00d6zbay da bu ifadelere paralel \u015fekilde kooperatifin ve kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fin bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden faydas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan \u015fu yorumlarda bulunuyor: \u201c1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan D\u00f6nerdere Tar\u0131msal Kalk\u0131nma Kooperatifi, yaln\u0131zca ekonomik de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir kalk\u0131nma modeli olu\u015fturdu. Kooperatif, \u00fcreticiler aras\u0131nda dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi, ortak \u00fcretim ve pazarlama yoluyla gelir art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Yani \u00d6zalp\u2019ta ya\u015famay\u0131 cazip hale getirdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde devlet destekli, denetimi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve yerel ihtiya\u00e7lara uygun bi\u00e7imde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir kooperatifle\u015fme modeliyle tekrar benzer sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u2026 Yani do\u011fru kurgulanm\u0131\u015f kooperatifler, istihdam yaratarak \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusun g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc azaltabilir. Hatta bu sayede tersine g\u00f6\u00e7 bile ya\u015fanabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benzer bir k\u0131rsal kalk\u0131nma modeli T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde de g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc tersine \u00e7evirebiliyor. Kars ili merkezine ba\u011fl\u0131 Bo\u011fatepe K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kooperatifle\u015fme ve yerel \u00fcretim giri\u015fimleri, Kars Peynirleri ile k\u00f6y ekonomisini canland\u0131rarak n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatan \u00f6rneklerden biri olarak g\u00f6steriliyor. K\u00f6yde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00fcretim ve markala\u015fma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla yerel istihdam artarken, k\u0131rsalda ya\u015fam yeniden cazip hale geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zalp \u00f6rne\u011fi yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7mi\u015fin ba\u015far\u0131 hik\u00e2yesi de\u011fil; g\u00fcncel politika ve yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6nerileriyle somut \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilecek bir model sunuyor. Yerel y\u00f6netim, kalk\u0131nma ajanslar\u0131 ve sivil toplum i\u015f birli\u011fiyle kooperatiflerin desteklenmesi, g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc \u00f6nleyici ve tersine g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc te\u015fvik edici somut ad\u0131mlar olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dijital Medya Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen bu i\u00e7erik ilk olarak\u00a0Ne Haber Ajans\u0131<\/a>‘nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda konumlanan Van\u2019\u0131n \u00d6zalp il\u00e7esi, son 15 y\u0131lda h\u0131zlanan n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131 ile sadece bir demografik de\u011fi\u015fimi de\u011fil; ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme hik\u00e2yesi ya\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r hatt\u0131nda yer almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ticaret hareketlili\u011finden pay alamayan \u00d6zalp, \u00fcretim merkezi olmak yerine gen\u00e7lerin terk etti\u011fi bir il\u00e7eye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu (T\u00dc\u0130K) taraf\u0131ndan 2025 Aral\u0131k […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":767,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cozum-gazeteciligi"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=766"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":774,"href":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/766\/revisions\/774"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newslabturkey.org\/sojo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}